If your dog is experiencing vomiting, diarrhea, or lethargy, it may be a sign of gastroenteritis — which refers to an inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract.

Pet dog showing lethargy and not eating its treats

Gastroenteritis in dogs is a common condition involving inflammation of the stomach and intestines. It can result from infections (bacterial, viral, or parasitic), medications, dietary changes such as the introduction of new foods, or exposure to toxins.

Understanding the causes, symptoms, and treatments can help you take swift action to protect your pet’s health.

Symptoms of Gastroenteritis in Dogs

The main signs of gastroenteritis include:

Vomiting — often yellow or foamy bile
Diarrhoea, which can be intermittent (occasionally or at irregular intervals) or profuse (frequent, in large amounts)
Lethargy or lack of energy
Dry heaving or gagging, especially after eating or drinking

If your dog shows these symptoms, especially after trying new food or treats, it’s crucial to consult a veterinarian in Singapore for prompt medical care and advice.

For questions or bookings, please WhatsApp our friendly Paws N’ Claws veterinary team at 8891 4417 for the Upper Thomson clinic or 8809 0787 for our Yishun clinic.

Common Causes of Gastroenteritis

Pet dachshund eating from his food bowl at home

There are many reasons why a dog may develop inflammation of the stomach or intestines, including bacterial infection, ingesting foreign bodies, exposure to harmful substances, eating spoilt food, and more. Some of the most common causes of gastroenteritis include:

• Infections: Bacterial, viral, fungal, or parasitic infections
• Foreign bodies/objects: Items such as string, thread, or toys causing blockages
• Toxins: Harmful substances like cleaning agents or poisonous plants
• Diseases: Diabetes, kidney disease, liver issues, or pancreatitis
• Dietary indiscretions: Eating spoilt food, garbage, or sudden diet changes
• Tumours or cancer: Growths in the gastrointestinal tract that can cause inflammation and other symptoms
• Intussusception: When the intestine telescopes into itself, causing an intestinal blockage

Identifying the underlying cause is key to effective veterinary treatment for your pet.

How Vets Diagnose Gastroenteritis in Pets

Gastroenteritis is a “diagnosis of exclusion”. This means that your veterinarian will first rule out other, more serious conditions before concluding that gastroenteritis is the cause of your dog’s symptoms. This careful approach ensures accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.

The first step in determining the cause of your dog’s vomiting, diarrhea, lethargy, and other clinical signs is obtaining a detailed medical history. Your vet may ask about key information about your pet, such as:

1. Diet: Recent meals, treats, or changes in food. This includes your dog’s current diet, and everything your dog ate or drank within the past 48 hours.

2. Exposure: Contact with toxins, medications, or other new substances. This may include pesticides, medications, and cleaning agents in your home environment.

3. Health history: Past illnesses, chronic conditions, or recent medication use. For instance, any previous episodes of vomiting and diarrhoea, any illness within the past month, or any chronic illnesses your dog may have. Your vet will also need to know about any medications, vitamins, or supplements given to your pet within the past month.

Physical examination of a pet dog's abdominal area, by Dr Esther from Paws N' Claws Veterinary Surgery. The health checkup was conducted at Sunny Chong Dog Training School. — *Dr Esther performing a physical exam. (Photo credit: Sunny Chong Dog Training School)*

Your vet will also perform a thorough physical examination to check for dehydration, abdominal pain or tenderness, bloating or gas, swelling, or other physical abnormalities. Your dog’s temperature and other vital signs will also be recorded.

At this stage, diagnostic testing will usually be recommended. Diagnostic tests may include:

• Blood tests to check for dehydration, infection, or electrolyte imbalances
• Urinalysis to evaluate kidney function
• Abdominal X-ray or ultrasound to detect blockages or other issues

You pet’s specific diagnostic work-up will be determined by the severity and duration of clinical signs, medical history, and physical examination.

Once the diagnostic tests are complete and other causes of the clinical signs have been eliminated, treatment will be prescribed by the veterinarian.

Treatment for Gastroenteritis in Dogs

Medical treatment depends on the severity of your dog’s symptoms and test results. Common treatments include:

• Medications: Antibiotics (for bacterial infections), anti-diarrheal drugs, anti-vomiting medications, and gastrointestinal/stomach protectants to prevent stomach ulcers.
• Fluid therapy: To manage dehydration and restore electrolyte balance.
• Dietary changes: A highly digestible, low-fat diet that should be introduced gradually.

In most cases, food may be withheld for 24 to 48 hours during the initial stages of treatment, to allow the gastrointestinal system to recover. Food will then be slowly reintroduced. Small, frequent feedings of a highly digestible, low-fat diet are generally prescribed.

Your vet will guide you on the best feeding practices for your dog’s speedy recovery.

FAQs about Dog Gastroenteritis

Here are some questions we often receive from pet owners in Singapore about this condition:

Q: Can gastroenteritis in dogs resolve on its own?
A: Mild cases may improve with home care, but severe or persistent symptoms require veterinary attention. If in doubt, always check with your pet’s doctor.

Q: What foods should I feed a dog recovering from gastroenteritis?
A: Your vet may recommend a bland diet of boiled chicken and rice or a specially formulated low-fat, easily digestible dog food. Please seek professional advice from a qualified veterinarian.

Q: How can I prevent gastroenteritis in my dog?
A: Stick to a consistent diet, avoid feeding table scraps, and keep your dog away from harmful substances and spoiled food.

When to Visit a Vet in Singapore

Gastroenteritis can escalate quickly if left untreated. If your dog has persistent vomiting or diarrhoea, or seems weak and dehydrated, visit your vet clinic in Singapore immediately. Early diagnosis and treatment can prevent complications and ensure a faster recovery.

At Paws N’ Claws Veterinary Surgery, located in Yishun and Upper Thomson, our experienced veterinarians offer comprehensive care for dogs with gastroenteritis and other gastrointestinal (GI) issues. We are Fear-Free aligned, prioritising your pet’s physical and emotional well-being. From advanced diagnostic tools to tailored treatment plans, we are here to help your pet recover and feel better.